Fā'idar Quantum akan Aikin Hujja a Tsarin Blockchain

1. Gabatarwa

Aikin Hujja (PoW) shine tushen tsarin yarjejeniya da ke ƙarƙashin manyan cryptocurrencies na blockchain kamar Bitcoin da Ethereum, yana wakiltar fiye da kashi 90% na kasuwa a halin yanzu tare da jimlar ƙimar kasuwa wacce ta wuce dala biliyan 430 kamar na Disamba 2020. Wannan takarda ta nuna cewa kwamfutocin quantum suna ba da fa'ida mai quadratic a cikin ingancin PoW, wanda ke shafar duka ka'idoji na yanzu da kuma duk wata yuwuwar hanyar PoW da ta dogara da aikin lissafi.

Mulkin Kasuwa

90%

Kasowar kasuwar blockchains na PoW

Ƙimar Kasuwa

$430B+

Bitcoin & Ethereum haɗe

Fā'idar Quantum

Quadratic

Sauri a cikin ingancin PoW

2. Bayanan Fasaha

2.1 Tushen Aikin Hujja

Aikin Hujja yana buƙatar mahalarta don warware rikitattun wasannin wasiku na lissafi don tabbatar da ma'amaloli da ƙirƙirar sabbin tubalan. Rikicin al'ada don nemo ingantaccen nonce a cikin PoW na Bitcoin shine $O(2^n)$ inda $n$ shine sigar wahala.

2.2 Asalin Kwamfuta ta Quantum

Kwamfutocin quantum suna amfani da superposition da haɗaka don warware wasu matsaloli cikin sauri sosai. Algorithm na Grover yana ba da saurin quadratic don matsalolin bincike marasa tsari, wanda kai tsaye ya shafi wasannin wasiku na PoW.

3. Binciken Fā'idar Quantum

3.1 Hujjar Saurin Quadratic

Fā'idar quantum ta fito ne daga algorithm na Grover, wanda ke warware matsalar bincike mara tsari a cikin lokacin $O(\sqrt{N})$ idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada $O(N)$. Don PoW tare da girman sararin bincike $N$, wannan yana fassara zuwa:

$$\text{Saurin Quantum} = \frac{T_{classical}}{T_{quantum}} = \frac{N}{\sqrt{N}} = \sqrt{N}$$

Wannan fa'idar quadratic tana shafi kowace hanyar PoW da ta dogara da aikin lissafi.

3.2 Raunin Harin Kashi 51%

Kwamfutocin quantum suna ba da damar ƙarin ingantattun hare-haren kashi 51% ta hanyar buƙatar ƙarancin albarkatu don cimma rinjayen sarrafa hanyar sadarwa. Rage farashin yana rage shingen masu mugunta don lalata amincin blockchain.

4. Binciken Tattalin Arziƙi

4.1 Tsarin Ribar Haƙar Ma'adinai

Ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi don haƙar ma'adinai na quantum ana iya ƙididdige shi kamar haka:

$$\text{Riba} = R \cdot \frac{T_{quantum}}{T_{classical}} - C_{hardware} - C_{operational}$$

Inda $R$ ya zama ladan haƙar ma'adinai, $T$ yana wakiltar ingancin lokaci, kuma $C$ yana nuna farashin.

4.2 Binciken Farashi-Riba

Bincikenmu ya nuna haƙar ma'adinai na quantum ya zama mai riba lokacin da farashin kayan aiki ya faɗi ƙasa da matakan mahimmanci. Don Bitcoin, wannan yana faruwa lokacin da farashin kwamfuta ta quantum ya faɗi ƙasa da $10^6$ USD tare da matakan wahala na yanzu.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji

Sakamakon kwaikwayo ya nuna fa'idar quantum a cikin daban-daban cryptocurrencies. Haɓaka aiki yana auna tare da matsalar wahala, yana nuna manyan fa'idodi don algorithms na PoW mafi wahala.

Hoto na 1: Quantum vs Ingantaccen Haƙar Ma'adinai na Al'ada

Ginshiƙi yana kwatanta ingancin lissafi a cikin daban-daban algorithms na PoW, yana nuna madaidaicin saurin quadratic don hanyoyin quantum. SHA-256 na Bitcoin yana nuna haɓaka 256x, yayin da Ethash na Ethereum ke nuna haɓaka 128x.

Mahimman Bayanai:

Saurin quadratic ya yi daidai a cikin duk bambance-bambancen PoW
An rage amfani da makamashi ta hanyar oda na girma
Yuwuwar kai hari yana ƙaruwa yayin da kayan aikin quantum suka inganta
Ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi yana fifita masu amfani da quantum na farko sosai

6. Aiwatar da Fasaha

Aiwatar da algorithm na haƙar ma'adinai na quantum ta amfani da binciken Grover:

def quantum_pow(target_hash, max_nonce):
    """Aiwatar da Aikin Hujja na Quantum"""
    
    # Fara da'irar quantum
    qc = QuantumCircuit(n_qubits)
    
    # Aiwatar da Hadamard don ƙirƙirar superposition
    for i in range(n_qubits):
        qc.h(i)
    
    # Juyin Grover
    for _ in range(int(np.sqrt(max_nonce))):
        # Oracle don yanayin nonce mai inganci
        qc.append(pow_oracle(target_hash), range(n_qubits))
        
        # Ma'aikacin watsawa
        qc.h(range(n_qubits))
        qc.x(range(n_qubits))
        qc.h(n_qubits-1)
        qc.mct(list(range(n_qubits-1)), n_qubits-1)
        qc.h(n_qubits-1)
        qc.x(range(n_qubits))
        qc.h(range(n_qubits))
    
    # Auna sakamako
    qc.measure_all()
    return qc

7. Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Fā'idar quantum a cikin PoW tana da tasiri da yawa:

Ƙirar Blockchain Bayan-Quantum: Haɓaka hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu jure wa quantum
Tsarin Haƙar Ma'adinai na Hybrid: Haɗa kwamfuta ta al'ada da quantum don ingantaccen haƙar ma'adinai
Ledgers Masu Tsaro na Quantum: Aiwarda rarraba maɓalli na quantum don ingantaccen tsaro
Haƙar Ma'adinai Mai Ƙarfin Makamashi: Rage girman amfani da makamashi na blockchain

Hanyoyin bincike sun haɗa da haɓaka madadin PoW na hujjar quantum da binciko gine-ginen blockchain da aka haɓaka ta quantum.

8. Bincike na Asali

Fā'idar quantum a cikin Aikin Hujja tana wakiltar canji na asali a cikin tsarin tsaro na blockchain. Nunin wannan takarda na saurin quadratic na duniya ya shafi ba kawai cryptocurrencies na yanzu ba amma ga kowane tsarin tushen PoW na gaba, yana haifar da buƙatar gaggawa na madadin masu jure wa quantum. Aikin ya ginu akan algorithms na quantum na tushe kamar binciken Grover, kama da yadda algorithm na Shor ke barazana ga sirrin maɓalli na jama'a na yanzu.

Idan aka kwatanta da hare-haren al'ada akan tsarin blockchain da Cibiyar Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasa (NIST) ta rubuta a cikin tsarinsu na daidaitawar sirri bayan-quantum, hare-haren PoW na quantum suna gabatar da ƙalubale daban. Yayin da raunin sirri na al'ada za a iya gyara su tare da maye gurbin algorithm, fa'idodin PoW suna cikin tsarin yarjejeniya kanta. Wannan ya yi daidai da damuwar da Cibiyar Ƙa'idodin Sadarwa ta Turai (ETSI) ta ɗaga game da barazanar quantum ga tsarin rarraba.

Binciken tattalin arziƙi da aka gabatar ya bayyana matakan mahimmanci don ribar haƙar ma'adinai na quantum. Yayin da kayan aikin quantum suka ci gaba, bin yanayin da aka rubuta irin na taswirar quantum ta IBM, ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙi ba makawa zai haifar da canji. Wannan yayi kama da sauye-sauyen tarihi a cikin tsarin lissafi, kamar ƙaura daga CPU zuwa haƙar ma'adinai na GPU a farkon kwanakin cryptocurrency, amma tare da yuwuwar sakamako mai ban mamaki.

Yanayin duniya na fa'idar quadratic yana nufin cewa kawai gyara algorithms na PoW ba zai isa ba. Ƙirar blockchain na gaba dole ne ko dai su karɓi haƙar ma'adinai na quantum a matsayin abin da ba makawa, ko kuma su haɓaka hanyoyin yarjejeniya daban-daban. Hanyoyi kamar hujjar hannun jari ko zane-zane mara kyau (DAGs) na iya ba da juriya ga quantum, amma kowannensu yana zuwa tare da ciniki a cikin ƙaddamarwa da garantin tsaro.

Wannan bincike yana jaddada mahimmancin shirye-shiryen quantum na gaggawa a cikin haɓakar blockchain. Yayin da kwamfutocin quantum ke ci gaba zuwa aiwatarwa mai amfani, bin tsarin lokacin ci gaba daga ƙungiyoyi kamar Google Quantum AI da Rigetti Computing, al'ummar blockchain dole ne su haɓaka shirye-shiryen canzawa zuwa gine-ginen masu jure wa quantum don kiyaye amincin tsarin a zamanin bayan-quantum.

9. Nassoshi

Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer
Grover, L. K. (1996). Algorithm na quantum mai sauri don binciken bayanai
Cibiyar Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasa. (2020). Daidaitawar Sirri Bayan-Quantum
Cibiyar Ƙa'idodin Sadarwa ta Turai. (2019). Bukatun Tsaro na Rarraba Maɓalli na Quantum
Taswirar Quantum ta IBM. (2021). Tsarin Lokacin Haɓaka Kwamfuta ta Quantum
Google Quantum AI. (2019). Mulkin Quantum Ta Amfani da Na'ura mai Sarrafa Superconducting
Rigetti Computing. (2020). Gine-ginen Sabis na Girgije na Quantum
Chen, L., da sauransu. (2016). Rahoto kan Sirri Bayan-Quantum

Ƙarshe

Kwamfutocin quantum suna ba da fa'idar quadratic ta asali a cikin tsarin Aikin Hujja wanda ba za a iya guje wa algorithm ba. Wannan yana haifar da duka raunin tsaro da damar tattalin arziƙi wanda zai sake fasalin yanayin blockchain yayin da fasahar quantum ta girma. Haɓaka gaggawa na hanyoyin yarjejeniya masu jure wa quantum yana da mahimmanci don tsaron blockchain na dogon lokaci.